Фридом хаус

Nations in Transit

Nations in Transit is the only comprehensive, comparative, and multidimensional study of reform in the former Communist states of Europe and Eurasia. Nations in Transit tracks the reform record of 29 countries and administrative areas and provides Freedom House’s most in-depth data about this vast and important region.

• Nations in Transit 2021: The Antidemocratic Turn
• Nations in Transit 2020: Dropping the Democratic Facade
• Nations in Transit 2019 — Download PDF 
• Nations in Transit 2018: Confronting Illiberalism
• Nations in Transit 2017: The False Promise of Populism
• Nations in Transit 2016: Europe and Eurasia Brace for Impact
• Nations in Transit 2015 — Download PDF
• Nations in Transit 2014 — Download PDF
• Nations in Transit 2013 — Download PDF
• Nations in Transit 2012 — Download PDF
• Nations in Transit 2011 — Download PDF
• Nations in Transit 2010 — Download PDF
• Nations in Transit 2009 — Download PDF

Функционал аккаунта

Функции личного кабинета телекоммуникационной компании Фридом Хаус напрямую зависят от того, какие именно услуги подключены:

• Интернет. В этом случае абонентам предлагается менять тарифные планы, подключать дополнительные пакеты, временно увеличивать скорость. Также они могут просматривать остаток трафика, тестировать скорость интернет-соединения;
• Видеонаблюдение. В ЛК можно будет просматривать все записи с камер, подключаться к ним, независимо от местоположения пользователя, даже если на момент просмотра он находится заграницей. Также можно купить оборудование для наблюдения, либо заказать мастера для его обслуживания и настройки;
• Телевидение. В данном разделе ЛК можно будет контролировать список каналов, подключать расширенные пакеты или устанавливать родительский контроль, чтобы дети не получили доступ к взрослым каналам;
• Охранные системы. Тут количество опций учетной записи напрямую зависит от количества охранных систем.

В каждом разделе производить оплату посредством банковских карт. Перевод средств на балансы пользователей выполняется без комиссии.

The Struggle Comes Home: Attacks on Democracy in the United States

U.S. President Donald Trump waves as he boards Air Force One. Photo credit: Kevin Dietsch-Pool/Getty Images.

Freedom House has advocated for democracy around the world since its founding in 1941, and since the early 1970s it has monitored the global status of political rights and civil liberties in the annual Freedom in the World report. During the report’s first three decades, as the Cold War gave way to a general advance of liberal democratic values, we urged on reformist movements and denounced the remaining dictators for foot-dragging and active resistance. We raised the alarm when progress stagnated in the 2000s, and called on major democracies to maintain their support for free institutions.

Today, after 13 consecutive years of decline in global freedom, backsliding among new democracies has been compounded by the erosion of political rights and civil liberties among the established democracies we have traditionally looked to for leadership and support. Indeed, the pillars of freedom have come under attack here in the United States. And just as we have called out foreign leaders for undermining democratic norms in their countries, we must draw attention to the same sorts of warning signs in our own country. It is in keeping with our mission, and given the irreplaceable role of the United States as a champion of global freedom, it is a priority we cannot afford to ignore.

US Freedom in Decline

The great challenges facing US democracy did not commence with the inauguration of President Donald Trump. Intensifying political polarization, declining economic mobility, the outsized influence of special interests, and the diminished influence of fact-based reporting in favor of bellicose partisan media were all problems afflicting the health of American democracy well before 2017. Previous presidents have contributed to the pressure on our system by infringing on the rights of American citizens. Surveillance programs such as the bulk collection of communications metadata, initially undertaken by the George W. Bush administration, and the Obama administration’s overzealous crackdown on press leaks are two cases in point.

At the midpoint of his term, however, there remains little question that President Trump exerts an influence on American politics that is straining our core values and testing the stability of our constitutional system. No president in living memory has shown less respect for its tenets, norms, and principles. Trump has assailed essential institutions and traditions including the separation of powers, a free press, an independent judiciary, the impartial delivery of justice, safeguards against corruption, and most disturbingly, the legitimacy of elections. Congress, a coequal branch of government, has too frequently failed to push back against these attacks with meaningful oversight and other defenses.

Freedom of the Press

Freedom of the Press, an annual report on media independence around the world, was published between 1980 and 2017, and assessed the degree of print, broadcast, and digital media freedom in 199 countries and territories. It provided numerical scores and country narratives evaluating the legal environment for the media, political pressures that influenced reporting, and economic factors that affected access to news and information.

• Freedom of the Press 2017 
• Freedom of the Press 2016 
• Freedom of the Press 2015 
• Freedom of the Press 2014
• Freedom of the Press 2013 

The first edition of Freedom of the Press covered the year 1979. The historical data are available in Excel format here:

Download Freedom of the Press Excel Data

Возможности личного кабинета

Перед началом работы в сервисе и подключения услуг стоит рассмотреть его особенности, характеристику провайдера «Фридом Хаус». Это можно сделать на официальном сайте https://freedh.ru/index. На главной странице можно посмотреть разделы с описанием услуг, условий их подключения.

Ниже имеются преимущества компании, которые помогу сделать правильный путь. На главной странице можно найти контакты провайдера, адрес офиса и телефон технической поддержки. А при возникновении вопросов абоненты могут написать на электронную почту оператора.

Но все же для полного доступа и регулирования сервиса все абоненты должны иметь личный кабинет на сайте «Fredoom House». В нем можно выполнять следующие действия:

• Просматривать подключенные услуги, срок их действия;
• Узнавать дату списания следующего платежа;
• Вносить оплату за использование услуг провайдера, это можно выполнить безналичным расчетом через банковские карты. Оплату можно проводить через карты Виза, МастерКард, МИР;
• Подключать или отключать услуги;
• Пользоваться акциями, бонусами, полезными предложениями;
• Узнавать про изменения и нововведения;
• При возникновении проблем и неполадок в ЛК можно оставить заявку на вызов мастера.

The Implications for Democracy of China’s Globalizing Media Influence

A newspaper consumer reads a copy of the Africa edition of Beijing’s state-run China Daily newspaper in front of a newsstand in Nairobi, Kenya. Photo Credit: TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images.

Key Findings

• The Chinese government, Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and various proxies have rapidly expanded their influence over media production and dissemination channels abroad. As a result, the CCP has enhanced its ability to interfere aggressively in other countries, should it choose to do so.
• Chinese authorities influence news media content around the world through three primary strategies: promoting the CCP’s narratives, suppressing critical viewpoints, and managing content delivery systems.
• These efforts have already undercut key features of democratic governance and best practices for media freedom by undermining fair competition, interfering with Chinese diaspora communities, weakening the rule of law, and establishing channels for political meddling.
• Actions by policymakers and media development donors in democracies will play a critical role in coming years in countering the potential negative impact of Beijing’s foreign media influence campaigns.

Regional Trends

Sub-Saharan Africa:Entrenched Autocrats, Fragile Institutions

Several major countries in sub-Saharan Africa faced critical tests in the form of elections, popular protests, or surges in political violence during 2016.

Ethiopia experienced its worst political upheaval in many years, when protests by the Oromo people over ethnic and land rights broadened into a general eruption of popular discontent after decades of ethnicity-based political marginalization by the authoritarian ruling party, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). Security forces used disproportionate and lethal force against protesters in the Oromia and Amhara regions, killing hundreds of people over the course of the year. Tens of thousands were detained, the internet and social media were periodically blocked, and a state of emergency imposed in October further expanded the government’s already vast powers to crack down on the rights to expression, assembly, and movement.

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, unpopular president Joseph Kabila successfully maneuvered to delay constitutionally mandated elections, reaching a fragile «consensus» deal to extend his term beyond its scheduled December 2016 expiration; while the deal is supported by the main opposition coalition and much of civil society, skepticism remains over implementation. Kabila’s regime violently suppressed protests against the election delay, and blocked social media in an effort to thwart protest organizers—taking a page from the playbook of the EPRDF and other repressive regimes around the world.

Some of the stronger democracies in Southern and East Africa exhibited worrying signs of dysfunction during the year. In South Africa, revelations about the vast political influence of the wealthy Gupta family placed even greater pressure on President Jacob Zuma, who was also contending with protests over service delivery and university governance and the ruling African National Congress’s unprecedented losses in subnational elections. Meanwhile, Zuma’s administration moved to withdraw South Africa from the International Criminal Court, tarnishing the country’s commitment to the rule of law.

Political violence in Mozambique reached dangerous new levels, as supporters of the opposition Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) and ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) engaged in assassinations. Clashes erupted between the army and RENAMO fighters, and security forces’ abuse of civilian populations in the country’s central region forced thousands to flee to Malawi.

In Zimbabwe, citizens increasingly frustrated with an inept and corrupt government vented their dissatisfaction through social protest movements, prompting violence, arrests, and demonstration bans. The protests, combined with factional rivalries in the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union–Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) and a self-inflicted economic crisis, have further weakened the regime of 92-year-old president Robert Mugabe.

In a bright spot at year’s end, Ghana consolidated its position as one of the most stable democracies on the continent when opposition candidate Nana Akufo-Addo defeated incumbent John Mahama in the December presidential election.

Регистрация личного кабинета

Как и у большинства других телекоммуникационных компаний, самостоятельно зарегистрировать личный кабинет Фридом Хаус не получится. Поскольку провайдер обеспечивает доступом только клиентов компании, то сначала необходимо подключиться. Процедура выполняется по следующей инструкции:

После рассмотрения заявки операторы связываются с будущим абонентом, чтобы обсудить с ним условия, сроки, дату и время подключения. Затем составляется договор, после чего он привозится на место специалистами, которые будут заниматься монтажными работами. Они же будут настраивать оборудование и предоставлять другие дополнительные услуги, если клиент таковые заказывал.

После подключения и проверки работы интернета, они передают договор на подписание абоненту. Затем он получает доступ к личному кабинету, ведь ему передаются и идентификационные данные.

Why Social Media Are Still Worth Saving

A man holds a mobile phone displaying a fake message shared on WhatsApp while attending an event to raise awareness of fake news in Gadwal, Telangana, India. Photo Credit: Dhiraj Singh/Bloomberg via Getty Images.

Key Findings

• Social media dramatically expand access to information and freedom of expression, and in repressive and troubled countries they remain a lifeline to journalists, activists, and ordinary citizens attempting to exercise their democratic rights.
• Dismissing social media as a cesspool of lies and vitriol plays directly into the hands of authoritarians looking to increase state hegemony over the information landscape.
• The governments most guilty of pumping out misleading propaganda and surreptitiously manipulating social media through paid trolls and automated accounts are often the same ones that propose to solve the problem by restricting civil liberties.
• In order to tackle disinformation without curbing freedom of expression, government regulation should concentrate on certain aspects of companies’ conduct, not the speech of their users.

For years before the recent uprising against authoritarian ruler Omar al-Bashir, Sudanese girls had shared pictures of their romantic crushes in a Facebook group dedicated to digging up dirt on local boys—a sort of crowdsourced background check. But as security agents escalated their crackdown on the nascent antigovernment protest movement in September 2018, the network mobilized to identify and deter abuses by state security personnel. “You can post any photo for any person of the National Intelligence and Security Service,” said Azaz Elshami, an activist in the Sudanese diaspora, “and they will give you who he is, where he lives, his mobile number, family, all that.” The process was so effective that agents of the much-feared NISS had to wear masks in public to avoid identification.

However, it became clear during the protests that the same digital tools could be manipulated by the government to spread disinformation. In January, when Sudanese police used live ammunition against the demonstrators, a news site maintained by the Sudanese diaspora reported the death of three individuals, including 16-year-old Mohamed al-Obeid. Local journalists rapidly shared his image on social media, and it soon spread to international media outlets. As activists attempted to ascertain more details about the boy’s identity, suspicion grew, until ultimately it became clear that the image depicted the aftermath of police violence in far-off Brazil. Sudanese activists concluded that the fraudulent image was the work of a team of NISS internet trolls known for disseminating smears and falsehoods.

“It was a trap,” one citizen journalist tweeted, “orchestrated to discredit us all.”

Key Global Findings

• Global press freedom declined to its lowest point in 13 years in 2016 amid unprecedented threats to journalists and media outlets in major democracies and new moves by authoritarian states to control the media, including beyond their borders.
• Only 13 percent of the world’s population enjoys a Free press—that is, a media environment where coverage of political news is robust, the safety of journalists is guaranteed, state intrusion in media affairs is minimal, and the press is not subject to onerous legal or economic pressures.
• Forty-five percent of the population lives in countries where the media environment is Not Free. The world’s 10 worst-rated countries and territories were Azerbaijan, Crimea, Cuba, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Iran, North Korea, Syria, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
• Politicians in democracies  such as Poland and Hungary shaped news coverage by undermining traditional media outlets, exerting their influence over public broadcasters, and raising the profile of friendly private outlets.
• United States President Donald Trump disparaged the press, rejecting the news media’s role in holding governments to account for their words and actions.
• Officials in more authoritarian settings such as Turkey, Ethiopia, and Venezuela used political or social unrest as a pretext for new crackdowns on independent or opposition-oriented outlets.
• Authorities in several countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and Asia extended restrictive laws to online speech, or simply shut down telecommunications services at crucial moments, such as before elections or during protests.
• Among the countries that suffered the largest declines were Poland, Turkey, Burundi, Hungary, Bolivia, Serbia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

What Do We Measure?

Freedom on the Net measures the subtle and not-so-subtle ways that governments and non-state actors around the world restrict our rights online. Each country assessment includes a detailed narrative report and numerical score, based on methodology developed in consultation with international experts. This methodology includes three categories:

• Obstacles to Access details infrastructural, economic, and political barriers to access; government decisions to shut off connectivity or block specific applications or technologies; legal, regulatory, and ownership control over internet service providers; and independence of regulatory bodies;
• Limits on Content analyzes legal regulations on content; technical filtering and blocking of websites; other forms of censorship and self-censorship; the vibrancy and diversity of the online environment; and the use of digital tools for civic mobilization;
• Violations of User Rights tackles legal protections and restrictions on free expression; surveillance and privacy; and legal and extralegal repercussions for online speech and activities, such as imprisonment, extralegal harassment and physical attacks, or cyberattacks.

Countries at the Crossroads

Countries at the Crossroads, published from 2004 to 2012, was an annual analysis of government performance in 70 strategically important countries that were at a critical crossroads in determining their political futures. The in-depth comparative assessments and quantitative ratings—examining government accountability, civil liberties, rule of law, and anticorruption and transparency efforts—were intended to help international policymakers identify areas of progress, as well as to highlight areas of concern that could be addressed through diplomatic efforts and reform assistance.

Download PDFs: 

• Countries at the Crossroads 2012 — Download PDF
• Countries at the Crossroads 2011 — Download PDF

Our Impact

Freedom on the Net is the most widely utilized resource worldwide for activists, government officials, journalists, companies, and international organizations aiming to understand the emerging threats and opportunities in the internet freedom landscape globally, as well as policies and developments in individual countries.

The project shapes global discussions on internet freedom through its widespread media coverage. The report receives hundreds of media mentions in over 70 countries each year, including in The New Yorker, the Washington Post, The Economist, and the Guardian. Policymakers also turn to Freedom on the Net to help inform various global issues as they unfold; it has been cited by senior government officials such as the President of Estonia, Sweden’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister, and U.S. Congressman Ed Royce.

Activists and civil society organizations use Freedom on the Net extensively to draw attention to their government’s policies and to call for positive change. In Nigeria, Freedom on the Net served as the foundation for a Digital Rights and Freedom Bill drafted by civil society in 2014. NGOs in Pakistan used the project for advocacy at the Human Rights Council to press their government on their internet freedom record and as part of a shadow submission on digital rights during the country’s Universal Periodic Review in 2012. The report is frequently cited at high-profile international events such as the Internet Governance Forum, UN sessions, and Freedom Online Coalition meetings.

Hobbling a Champion of Global Press Freedom

Never in the 38 years that Freedom House has been monitoring global press freedom has the United States figured as much in the public debate about the topic as in 2016 and the first months of 2017.

Press freedom globally has declined to its lowest levels in 13 years, thanks both to new threats to journalists and media outlets in major democracies, and to further crackdowns on independent media in authoritarian countries like Russia and China.

But it is the far-reaching attacks on the news media and their place in a democratic society by Donald Trump, first as a candidate and now as president of the United States, that fuel predictions of further setbacks in the years to come.

No U.S. president in recent memory has shown greater contempt for the press than Trump in his first months in office. He has repeatedly ridiculed reporters as dishonest purveyors of “fake news” and corrupt betrayers of the national interest. Borrowing a term popularized by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, Trump has labeled the news media as “enemies of the people.” His senior White House adviser described journalists as “the opposition party.”

Such comments suggest a hostility toward the fundamental principles and purposes of press freedom, especially the news media’s role in holding governments to account for their words and actions—as opposed to the government holding the media to account. They also raise concern that the U.S. president may, in effect, be offering a license to political leaders elsewhere who have cracked down on the media as part of a larger authoritarian playbook.

Trump takes questions from reporters during a news conference in the East Room at the White House on February 16, 2017 in Washington, DC. Credit: Getty Images. ​​​​​

Основные выводы

• Из 195 исследованных стран 83 (43 процента) были отнесены к свободным, 63 (32 процента) – к частично свободным, и 49 (25 процентов) – к несвободным. Доля свободных стран сократилась на три процента за последнее десятилетие, в то время как доли частично свободных и несвободных стран выросли на два и один процент, соответственно.
• Разрыв между странами, где свобода ухудшилась, и странами, где она улучшилась, увеличился. В 2019 году люди в 64 странах испытали ухудшение своих политических прав и гражданских свобод, в то время как улучшения произошли всего лишь в 37 странах. Разрыв был меньшим в 2018 году, когда в 68 странах показатели понизились, а в 50-ти – повысились.
• Большинство стран с наибольший ростом и стран с наибольшим снижением показателей за год находятся в Африке. В Бенине, Мозамбике и Танзании произошли серьезные нарушения во время выборов, а несогласные подверглись репрессиям со стороны государства, в то время как работа в направлении реформ и более демократического правления привела к улучшениям в Судане, Мадагаскаре и Эфиопии.
• За последние 14 лет в большинстве устоявшихся демократий произошло ухудшение уровня свободы. Двадцать пять из 41 страны, оценивавшейся в 2005 году как развитые демократии и поддерживавших рейтинг свободных в течение 20 лет до этого, ухудшили свои рейтинговые показатели.
• Массовые протесты неоднозначно повлияли на общие оценки для каждой страны и территории. Например, Гонконг потерял четыре пункта частично из-за репрессивных действий со стороны полиции и проправительственных наемников. В Судане показатель свободы улучшился на пять пунктов после того, как его протесты привели к формированию переходного правительства с разделением власти.
• Поскольку демократические страны демонстрируют неустойчивую поддержку свободы на международной арене, авторитарные режими расширили свое мировое влияние через опосредованные войны, вмешательство в выборы и цензуру за пределами своих границ.

«Доклад еще раз ясно показывает, что демократия находится в упадке», – сказал Абрамовиц. «Политические права и гражданские свободы находятся под угрозой как в свободных, так и в репрессивных государствах. Эту тенденцию можно переломить, но для этого потребуются совместные усилия правительств, народное давление и участие бизнес-сообщества».

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